The Whipple Procedure
For some patients with abnormalities in the right side of the pancreas, known as the head of the pancreas, a complex surgery called the Whipple procedure may offer hope for extended life and, in some cases, a potential cure.
The Whipple procedure, or pancreaticoduodenectomy, is an intricate surgery which involves removing several components of the digestive system, including:
- The head of the pancreas (approximately one-third to half of the pancreas).
- The first portion of the small intestine (duodenum).
- The bile duct.
- The gallbladder.
- Occasionally, part of the stomach.
After these structures are removed, the surgeon reconnects the remaining pancreas, bile duct, and stomach to the intestine, ensuring normal digestion can continue.
Whipple Procedure Eligibility
Only about 20 percent of pancreatic cancer patients qualify for the Whipple procedure. Ideal candidates typically have tumors confined to the head of the pancreas that have not spread to major blood vessels, other organs, or distant parts of the body. Determining eligibility requires extensive diagnostic testing, including:
- Imaging Studies: High-resolution CT or MRI scans assess whether the tumor involves critical blood vessels or nearby organs.
- Health Evaluation: The patient must be in good enough health to undergo major surgery.
If the cancer has spread to other organs or critical areas, surgery to remove the tumor is no longer an option. Instead, treatment focuses on systemic therapies, such as chemotherapy or radiation, and palliative procedures to maintain quality of life.
In cases where tumors are borderline removable due to involvement with blood vessels, chemotherapy or radiation may be used first to shrink the tumor, improving the chances for successful surgery.
Why Experience Matters
The Whipple procedure is among the most complex cancer surgeries, requiring exceptional skill and expertise. Studies show that patient outcomes improve significantly when the surgery is performed by high-volume surgeons at specialized cancer centers. Key findings include:
- Low Mortality Rates: In experienced hands, the risk of death during or shortly after surgery is less than 5%, compared to higher rates in less experienced centers.
- Improved Recovery: Teams led by dedicated pancreatic surgeons are better equipped to manage postoperative complications, guiding patients safely to recovery.
At high-volume cancer centers, the short-term death rate for the Whipple procedure is often less than 4 percent, and in some cases, less than 1 percent. Conversely, patients treated by surgeons with limited experience face significantly higher risks.
Prognosis After the Whipple Procedure
When performed for pancreatic cancer, the Whipple procedure offers a five-year survival rate of 20 to 25 percent. Factors affecting survival include:
- Node-Negative Patients: Patients whose cancer has not spread to nearby lymph nodes tend to have better outcomes.
- Node-Positive Patients: While survival rates are lower, many patients still benefit from adjuvant therapies.
After surgery, most patients receive chemotherapy, radiation, or both to target any remaining cancer cells. Participation in clinical trials can provide access to innovative treatments, offering additional hope for improved outcomes.
Where to Have the Procedure
Given its complexity, the Whipple procedure should be performed at hospitals that conduct at least 15 to 20 pancreatic surgeries annually. Choosing a highly experienced surgeon and a specialized cancer center can make a significant difference in survival and recovery.
At Lee Health, our dedicated surgical oncology team combines expertise, compassion, and state-of-the-art technology to deliver the highest standard of care. If you or a loved one is considering the Whipple procedure, we’re here to answer your questions and guide you through every step of your journey.
At Lee Health, our Surgical Oncology specialists and surgeons provide advanced cancer care close to home, using the latest techniques to deliver personalized treatment. Our goal is to help patients thrive with high-quality care, right here in Southwest Florida. Learn more about scheduling an appointment with our expert team below.
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Ashley LaPierre PA-C
Lee Physician Group
Why Choose Lee Health
Pancreatic surgery requires exceptional skill and experience. Our team of dedicated pancreatic surgeons works closely with each patient to ensure the best possible outcomes. The Whipple procedure is effective for patients as it's performed by specialists who are have experience in these complex procedures.
At the Lee Health Cancer Institute, our commitment to excellence ensures that you receive expert care every step of the way. If you have been diagnosed with a pancreatic lesion or condition requiring surgical treatment, we are here to help.
Schedule an Appointment with Lee Health Surgical Oncology
Schedule Now!Your cancer diagnosis is our top priority. Schedule an appointment today by calling (239) 343-7400 or use MyChart for a scheduled online virtual visit.
